The primary nursing care plan goals for clients with stroke depend on the phase of CVA the client is in. The prognosis after acute ischemic stroke varies greatly in individual clients, depending on the stroke severity and on the client’s premorbid condition, age, and poststroke complications (Jauch & Lutsep, 2022). Of these, 5 million die, and another 5 million are left permanently disabled. According to the World Health Organization, 15 million people suffer stroke worldwide each year. Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. Small vessel or lacunar strokes are associated with small focal areas of ischemia due to obstruction of single small vessels, typically in deep penetrating arteries, that generate a specific vascular pathology (Jauch & Lutsep, 2022). They may account for up to 20% of acute strokes and have been reported to have the highest 1-month mortality. Cardiogenic emboli are a common source of recurrent strokes. Large-artery infarctions often involve thrombotic in situ occlusions on the atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid, vertebrobasilar, and cerebral arteries typically proximal to major branches. The system of categorizing stroke developed in the multicenter Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) divides ischemic strokes into three major subtypes: large-artery, small-vessel, and cardioembolic infarction. ICH is typically caused by the rupture of small arteries secondary to hypertensive vasculopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), coagulopathies, and other vasculopathy (Tadi & Lui, 2023). Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke. Ischemic stroke can present in pre-determined syndromes due to the effect of decreased blood flow to particular areas of the brain that correlate to exam findings (Munakomi, 2018). Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery. Strokes can be divided into two types: hemorrhagic or ischemic. The most common vessels involved are the carotid arteries and those of the vertebrobasilar system at the base of the brain. Thrombosis, embolism, and hemorrhage are the primary causes of stroke, with thrombosis being the leading cause of both CVAs and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). However, about half of those who survived a stroke remain disabled permanently and experience the recurrence within weeks, months, or years. The sooner the circulation returns to normal after a stroke, the better the chances are for a full recovery. This pathology either causes hemorrhage from a tear in the vessel wall or impairs cerebral circulation by partial or complete occlusion of the vessel lumen with transient or permanent effects. It is the sudden impairment of cerebral circulation in one or more blood vessels supplying the brain. What is Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or Stroke?Ĭerebrovascular accident (CVA), also known as stroke, acute ischemic stroke, cerebral infarction, or brain attack, is any functional or structural abnormality of the brain caused by a pathological condition of the cerebral vessels of the entire cerebrovascular system. Monitoring Results of Diagnostic and Laboratory Procedures Administer Medications and Provide Pharmacologic Support Initiating Patient Education and Health Teachings Assessing and Monitoring for Disuse Syndrome Assessing and Monitoring for Unilateral Neglect Managing Fatigue and Tolerance to Activity Preventing Dysphagia and Promoting Effective Swallowing Promoting Effective Coping Strategies and Providing Emotional Support Managing Aphasia and Promoting Effective Communication Improving Physical Mobility and Preventing Contractures What is Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or Stroke?.Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
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